Transforming Education in India: A Policy Framework for Rethinking Access, Equity, and Inclusion in Alignment with NEP 2020 and the Vision of Viksit Bharat@2047

Abstract

India’s educational transformation is central to achieving Vision Viksit Bharat@2047, with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 serving as a cornerstone for reforms in access, equity and inclusivity. Despite advancements in enrolment, disparities in infrastructure, digital access and financial allocations hinder progress, particularly in rural and marginalised communities. The fluctuating funding for key programmes, such as Samagra Shiksha and PM POSHAN raises concerns about sustainability, while the reduction of initiatives supporting female and minority education contradicts inclusivity goals. Strengthening digital infrastructure, public-private partnerships and competency-based learning is essential for bridging gaps and ensuring quality education nationwide. Drawing from global models, Finland’s low-stakes assessments and Singapore’s digital literacy programmes offer valuable insights but require contextual adaptation to India’s socio-economic realities. A data-driven, policy-oriented approach with incremental benchmarks is necessary to track progress, refine strategies and allocate resources effectively. Sustained investment and targeted interventions will be critical in building a resilient education system that fosters innovation, social mobility and economic growth. By ensuring equitable access to learning opportunities, India can cultivate a skilled workforce and establish a globally competitive, self-reliant nation by 2047.